Impact of various herbicides on dicot weeds in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "Impact of various herbicides on dicot weeds in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)"

Maria Morton
6 years ago
Views:

ISSN: 241-879 Slhuddin et l / Current Siene Perspetives 2(3) (216) 45-51 isienti.org. Current Siene Perspetives 2(3) (216) 45-51 Impt of vrious heriides on diot weeds in whet (Tritium estivum L.

1 ISSN: Slhuddin et l / Current Siene Perspetives 2(3) (216) isienti.org. Current Siene Perspetives 2(3) (216) Impt of vrious heriides on diot weeds in whet (Tritium estivum L.) Slhuddin 1,*, Muhmmd Akrm 2 nd Alluddin 3 1 Deprtment of Agronomy, University of Agriulture, Fisld, Pkistn 2 Ayu Agriulturl Reserh Institute (AARI), Fisld, Pkistn 3 Ntionl Institute of Food Siene & Tehnology (NIFSAT), University of Agriulture, Fisld, Pkistn *Corresponding uthor s E-mil: slhuddin.uf@gmil.om A R T I C L E I N F O A B S T R A C T Artile type: Reserh rtile Artile history: Reeived Septemer 215 Aepted Novemer 215 July 216 Issue Keywords: Diot weeds Heriides Weeds density Grin yield Tritium estivum L. A field study ws onduted t Reserh Are of Agronomy, Ayu Agriulturl Reserh Institute, Fisld, Pkistn during the yer of to ssess the omprtive effiy of different heriides on ontrol of diot weeds, nd susequent effet on grin yield of whet. The heriide tretments omprised of T 1 = 75 ml/h, T 2 = 7 ml/h, T 3 = Hrvester 75ml/h, T 4 = Hrvester 1 ml/h, T 5 = 7 g/h, T 6 = 7 g/h, T 7 = 75 ml/h, T 8 = Butril 75 ml/h, T 9 = 75 ml/h, T 1 = Butril 75 ml/h, T 11 = 4 g/h, T 12 = 1 ml/h, T 13 = Control (weedy hek). The experiment ws lid out under rndomized omplete lok design in triplite with net plot size of 2.4 m 8. m. The results reveled tht heriides pplition ontrolled the diot weeds growth nd signifint (P.5) redution in weeds density versus weedy hek ws oserved. 75 ml h -1, 1 ml h -1, 75 ml h -1 nd 75 ml h -1 ) effet ws more pronouned s ompred to ontrol. Furthermore, grin yield nd yield omponents of whet improved onsiderly with heriides pplition s ompred to weedy hek. Numer of tillers, plnt height, Spike length, numer of spikelet/spike, numer of grins per spike, 1-grin weight, iologil nd grin yield were signifintly higher in treted plots s ompred to the ontrol. 1 ml h -1 gve mximum grin yield, whih ould possily used for heriides ontrol in whet rop with onsiderle higher yield. 216 Interntionl Sientifi Orgniztion: All rights reserved. Cpsule Summry: Vrious heriides were tested to ontrol diot weeds in whet rop nd it ws found tht 1 ml h -1 effet ws more promising versus other to ontrol weeds nd resultntly, the whet grin yield long with other yield omponents enhned signifintly. Therefore, the use of 1 ml h -1 is suggested to ontrol diot heriides in whet rop. Cite This Artile As: Slhuddin, Muhmmd Akrm nd Alluddin Impt of vrious heriides on diot weeds in whet (Tritium estivum L.). Current Siene Perspetives 2(3) editorsp@osljournls.om

2 ISSN: Slhuddin et l / Current Siene Perspetives 2(3) (216) isienti.org. INTRODUCTION heriides to ontrol diot weeds in whet rop nd their effet on grin yield nd yield omponents. Whet (Tritium estivum L.), is mjor food rop of Pkistn. One third of popultion sed on whet rop for protein nd lori requirements. Whet domintes ll gronomi rops with respet to re nd prodution. It ontriutes to 1.3% to vlue dded in griulture nd 2.2% to GDP (GOP, ). It is the min soure of rohydrtes nd proteins oth for humn nd nimls, whih ontins % protein, 6-9% strh, 1.5-2% ft, 1.2-2% inorgni ions nd vitmins (Gurd et l., 24). Averge grin yield potentil of whet rop in Pkistn is muh low due to mny resons, ut weeds infesttion is the mjor one. Weeds ompete with rop plnts for light intereption, nutrients nd wter, susequently deresed the rop yield (Grihr, 26). Weeds interfere with rop plnts y mens of ompetition nd llelopthy, resulting in loss to qulity of produe. However, weeds infesttion is the min distressing prolem in whet fields. Rumex denttus L., Emex spinos L., Convolvulus rvensis L., Phlris minor R., Melilotus indi L., Aven ftu L., Fumri indi, Polygonum pleejum L. nd Chenopodium lum L. re the mjor existing weeds in whet fields (Khn nd Mrwt, 26). Weed infesttion is the min use of low whet grin yield in Pkistn. Weeds redued the whet produtivity through providing hitts for pthogens, lternte host for insets nd fungi (Wheed et l., 29). Among hemil nd non-hemil weeds ontrolling methods, use of heriides ever eome key ftor for higher whet yield through weeds mngement. Hnd weeding method is ineffetive due to the reson of diffiulty in distinguishing weeds plnts nd whet seedlings. Mehnil weeds ontrol, however, is time onsuming, lor intensive, nd high energy onsumption; lso resulted in soil erosion (Montgomery, 27). Chemilly weeds ontrol is the most suessful lterntive option. In reent studies, sientists reported n effetive weeds ontrol in whet rop through heriides pplition. Through stimultion of protein or RNA iosynthesis, these heriides use plnt deth (Ro, 2; Cheem nd Akhtr, 25). Therefore, n exellent, rod spetrum of nnul, iennil, nd perennil weeds ontrol n e hieved y these heriides. Ahmd et l. (1991) lso evluted post emergene heriides for weeds ontrol in whet nd onluded tht heriides pplition suppressed the weeds popultion effetively nd inresed the whet grin yield. Thus, hemil method of weeds ontrol proved to e more effiient method in ontrolling weeds (Mrwt et l., 28). Keeping in view the importne of whet, present study ws plnned to pprise the effiy of vrious new MATERIALS AND METHODS Field tril ws onduted during winter t Plnt Physiology Are, Diretorte of Agronomy, Ayu Agriulturl Reserh Institute, Fisld, Pkistn to ssess the omprtive effiy of new heriides ginst diot weeds in whet rop. The experiment ws plnned in rndomized omplete lok design, within three replites nd hving net plot size of 2.4 m 8. m with row sping of 25 m prt omprising eight rows, 8m length. Punj-211 vriety ws sown during 1 st week of Novemer, 214. NPK fertilizers were pplied t kg h -1, respetively. Heriides were pplied 4 DAS (dys fter sowing) of whet y Knpsk hnd spryer fixed with T-jet nozzle. Monoot weeds re fully ontrolled y sprying (Broxtr 4.8% EC 75 ml h -1 ) in the experimentl plots. New nd old heriides were tested long with weedy hek. Heriides tretments were used in the experiment re s T 1 = 75 ml/h, T 2 = 7 ml/h, T 3 = Hrvester 75ml/h, T 4 = Hrvester 1 ml/h, T 5 = 7 g/h, T 6 = 7 g/h, T 7 = 75 ml/h, T 8 = Butril 75 ml/h, T 9 = 75 ml/h, T 1 = Butril 75 ml/h, T 11 = 4 g/h, T 12 = 1 ml/h, T 13 = Control (weedy hek). The rop ws hrvested mnully t physiologil mturity when the green olor from the glumes disppered ompletely. Weeds density ws lulted y ounting the weeds prior to 15 dys fter heriide pplition with fixed 1 m 2 qudrte within the heriide treted plots. Dt on totl tillers, plnt height, numer of spikelets/spike, spike length, numer of grins/spike, 1-grin weight, iologil nd grin yields were reorded. Dt olleted were nlyzed using Fisher s nlysis of vrine (ANOVA) (Steel et l., 1997), nd LSD test ws used to ompre the tretments mens t P.5. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS Weeds density (m -2 ) Diot weeds density ws ffeted signifintly through pplition of different new heriides. The minimum diot weeds density t different dys fter heriides pplition ws found in 75 ml h -1 ; 1 ml h -1 ; 75 ml h -1 ; 75 ml h -1 spryed plots s ompred to the weedy hek, where mximum diot weeds density (93.33 m -2 ) ws reorded. Applition of Butril 75 ml h -1 ; Butril 75 ml h -1 nd 4 g h -1 lso 46 editorsp@osljournls.om

3 ISSN: Slhuddin et l / Current Siene Perspetives 2(3) (216) isienti.org. Tle 1: Effet of different heriides on weeds density of diot weeds in whet Tretments Heriides Weeds density (m -2 ) T 1 75 ml/h 2.33 d* T 2 7 ml/h 7. T 3 75 ml/h 3.67 d T 4 Hrvester 1 ml/h 4. d T 5 7 g/h 7.67 T 6 7 g/h 7.33 T 7 75 ml/h 2.33 d T 8 Butril 75 ml/h 3. d T 9 75 ml/h 2. d T 1 Butril 75 ml/h 6. d T 11 4 g/h 3. d T 12 1 ml/h 2. d T 13 Control (weedy hek) LSD (P.5) 4.1 *Different letters in olumn showing differene mong tretment on weed density proved etter ginst diot weeds over weedy hek, ut their effet ws slightly lower thn others (Tle 1). It is ovious tht the redution in diot weeds density ws ttriuted to the reson tht heriides tully trget the different sites of the plnts. These trget sites hve different enzymes, whih ws inhiited y pplition of different heriides. These results re in line with Bhrt nd Khroo, (27) who reveled these heriides signifintly redued the weeds density. YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS Totl tillers (m -2 ) Dt regrding the numer of totl tillers m -2 (Fig. 1) indited tht ll heriides were found sfe on whet in terms of higher totl tillers. All heriides pplition remined t pr with the hnd weeding regrding numer of totl tillers. However, ll tretments produed 1 to 14% more tillers thn the weedy hek. These results re lso in ordne with Shd, (1987); Cheem nd Akhtr, (25). Plnt height (m) Heriides exhiited insignifint effet on plnt height. Highest plnt height (96.5 m) ws reorded in un-weedy hek plots, wheres the minimum plnt height (86.6 m) ws reorded in weedy hek (Fig. 2). Atully the ompetition mong weeds nd whet plnt enfored to grew plnt. These results re in ordne with finding of Mrwt et l. (25) who reported tht there ws insignifint inrese in plnt height s result of heriides pplition. Spike length (m) nd Numer of spikelet per spike The mximum spike length ws reorded (1.5 m), wheres minimum spike length ws reorded in weedy hek (7.4 m). These findings re in line with Khn et l. (23); Hssn et l. (23) who desried different spike length of whet rop fter heriides pplition. The mximum numer of spikelets were reorded in ll heriide tretments, ut the minimum numer of spikelets were reorded in weedy hek (7.4) (Figs. 3, 4). These findings negte the erlier findings of Chem nd Akhter, (25) who reveled signifint impt of heriides on spikelet prodution in whet. Numer of grin per spike Numer of grins per spike ws lso ffeted signifintly in heriides treted plots. However, highest numer of grins per spike (53.2) ws otined with Flok (7 ml h -1 ), wheres lowest numer of grin per spike (31.5) ws found in weedy hek (Fig. 5). Lest numer of grins per spike quired in weeds infested ontrol tht ws possily due to weed rop ompetition, whih might prominently redued the flow of nutrient towrds the grin. These results re in onformity with Shfi et l. (24) who reported tht the numer of grins per spike inresed with heriide pplition of ml h -1 1-grin weight (g) Mximum thousnd grin weight ws reorded (39.35 g; 39.2 g; 39.17g; 39.31g ) in Butril 75 ml h -1 followed y 75 ml h -1 ; 4 g h -1 ; 1 ml h -1. Heriides pplition provided exellent ontrol ginst diot weeds s ompre to weedy hek (Fig. 6). Ahmd et l. (1991) reported tht inrement nd thousnd grin weight ws due to more utiliztion 47 editorsp@osljournls.om

4 Plnt height (m) Spikelets/Spike Tillers (m -2 ) Spike length (m) ISSN: Slhuddin et l / Current Siene Perspetives 2(3) (216) isienti.org Tretments Tretments Fig. 1: Effet of different heriides on totl numer of tillers of whet Fig. 3: Effet of different heriides on spike length (m) of whet Tretments Tretments Fig. 2: Effet of different heriides on plnt height (m) of whet resoures nd good rop stnd nd the sene of weeds. However, the results showed tht stisftory weeds ontrol is possile y using Butril M (75 ml h -1 ) tht exeeds whet grin yield due to inrese in grin weight in response of heriides pplition (As et l., 29). Biologil yield (kg h -1 ) Fig. 4: Effet of different heriides on spikelets/spike of whet The mximum iologil yield ws reorded (1637 kg h - 1 ; 157 kg h -1 ;1535 kg h -1 ) y the pplition of 1 ml h -1 ; Hrvester75 ml h -1 ; Butril 75 ml h -1 s ompred to weedy hek (Fig. 7). These findings re in greement with tht of Dixit nd Singh, (28) who reported tht post-emergene heriides hve signifint effet on strw yield. These results re lso in greement with the Singh et l. (213) who oserved 48 editorsp@osljournls.om

5 1-grin weight (g) Grin yield (kg h -1 ) d Grin/spike Biologil yield (kg h -1 ) ISSN: Slhuddin et l / Current Siene Perspetives 2(3) (216) isienti.org Tretments Tretments Fig. 5: Effet of different heriides on grins/spike of whet Fig. 7: Effet of different heriides on iologil yield (kg h -1 ) of whet Tretments Fig. 6: Effet of different heriides on 1-grin weight (g) of whet tht etter weed ontrol inresed the nutrients vilility to the rop whih ultimtely inresed the iologil yield. Grin yield (kg h -1 ) Anlysis of the dt reveled tht mximum grin yield ws 383. kg h -1 y the pplition 1 ml h -1 (Fig. 8). Weeds ompetition is the min use in reduing the whet yield. Weeds emerged within the rop Tretments Fig. 8: Effet of different heriides on grin yield (kg h -1 ) of whet hve sme hrters like whet, whih posses gret demnd for light, moisture nd nutrients et. Due to less ompetition etween weeds nd whet rop plnts, resulted in improved flow of nutrients towrds grins, whih enhned the whet yield (Gonzlez-pon nd Sntin, 21; Khlil et l., 28). It ws further reorded tht heriides treted plnts gve 1-27% higher yield s ompred to weedy hek, nd 6% more thn hnd 49 editorsp@osljournls.om

6 ISSN: Slhuddin et l / Current Siene Perspetives 2(3) (216) isienti.org. weeding method. These findings re lso in ordne with Shinde et l. (21); Khn nd Hq, (24); Bshir et l. (215). CONCLUSION Vrious heriides i.e., 75 ml/h, 7 ml/h, 75 ml/h, Hrvester 1 ml/h, 7 g/h, 7 g/h, 75 ml/h, Butril 75 ml/h, 75 ml/h, Butril 75 ml/h, 4 g/h nd 1 ml/h were investigted for their effet of diot weeds nd grin yield of whet rop, however, 1 ml h -1 effiieny ws signifintly versus others. Results reveled promising effiieny of heriides regrding weed ontrol nd enhnement in grin yield. Therefore, these new heriides to ontrol the diot weeds nd to enhne the yield of whet rop is suggested. REFERENCES As, G., Ali, M.A., As, Z., Aslm, M., Akrm, M., 29. Impt of different heriides on rodlef weeds nd yield of whet. Pkistn Journl of Weed Siene Reserh, 15, 1-1. Ahmd, S., Cheem, Z.A., Iql, R.M., Kundi F.M., Comprtive study of different weediides for the ontrol of rod lef weeds in whet. Srhd Journl of Agriuture 7, 1-9. Bshir, F., Ndeem, M.A., Tnveer, A., As, T., 215. Impt of row sping nd redued heriide doses long with djuvnt on weeds in mize (Ze mys L.) Current Siene Perspetives 1, Bhrt, R., Khroo, D., 27. Bio-effiy of vrious heriides nd their mixtures on weeds nd yield of whet (Tritium estivum L.) under sutropil groeosystem. Indin Journl of Agronomy 52, Cheem, M.S., Akhtr, M., 25. Effiy of different post emergene heriides nd their pplition methods in ontrolling weeds in whet. Pkistn Journl of Weed Siene Reserh 11, Dixit, A., Singh, V.P., 28. Effiy of redy mix pplition of rfentrzon plus isoproturon (ffinity) to ontrol weeds in whet (Tritium estivum L.). Indin Journl of Agriulturl Sienes 78, Gonzliz-Pone, R., Sntin, I., 21. Competitive ility of whet ultivrs with wild-ots depending on nitrogen fertiliztion. Agronomie 21, GOP., 213. Eonomi Survey of Pkistn Finne nd Eonomi Affirs Division, Islmd. p.15. Grihr, W.J., 26. Weed ontrol nd grin sorghum tolerne to flumioxzin. Crop Protetion 25, Gurd, G., Pdovn, S., Delogu, G., 24. Grin yield, nitrogen use effiieny nd king qulity of old nd modern Itlin red whet ultivrs grown t different nitrogen levels. Europen Journl of Agronomy 21, Khlil, M.F., Hssn, G., Ahmd, G., Shh, N.H., 28. Individul nd omined effet of different heriides on weed ontrol in whet. Pkistn Journl of Weed Siene Reserh 14, Khn, I., Hssn, G., Mrwt, K.B., 22. Effiy of different heriides for ontrolling weeds in whet rop-ii. Weed dynmis nd heriides. Pkistn Journl of Weed Siene Reserh 8, Khn, M., Hq, N., 24. Weed ontrol in mize (Ze mys L.) with pre-nd post- emergene heriides. Pkistn Journl of Weed Siene nd Reserh 1, Khn, N., Hssn, G., Mrwt, K.B., Khn, M.A., 23. Effiy of different heriides for ontrolling weeds in whet rop t different time of pplitions-ii. Asin Journl of Plnt Sienes 2, Mrwt, K.B., Hussin, Z., Seed, M., 25. Chemil weed mngement in whet t higher ltitudes. Pkistn Journl of Weed Siene Reserh 11, Mrwt, K.B., Seed, M., Hussin, Z., Gul, B., Rshid, H., 28. Study of vrious heriides for weed ontrol in whet under irrigted onditions. Pkistn Journl of Weed Siene Reserh 14, 1-8. Montgomery, D.R., 27 Soil erosion nd griulturl sustinility. PNAS 14: Ro, V.S., 2. Priniples of Weed Siene, 2 nd Ed. Siene Pulishers, In., New Hmpshire. Shd, R.A., Sttus of weed siene tivities in Pkistn. Progr. Frming. 7, Shfi, M., Amin, R., Bkht, J., Anwr, S., Shh, W.A., Khn, A., 24. Response of whet (Tritium estivum L.) to vrious heriides t different growth stges. Pkistn Journl of Weed Siene Reserh 1, 1-1. Shinde, S.H., Kolge, A.K., Bhilre, R.L., 21. Effet of weed ontrol on growth nd yield of mize. Mhrshtr Agriulture University 26, Singh, S.P., P. Pndey., M. Kumr., S. Singh., N.S. Pndey., D. Srivstv., 213. Growth nd iohemil responses of whet (Tritium estivum L.) to different 5 editorsp@osljournls.om

7 ISSN: Slhuddin et l / Current Siene Perspetives 2(3) (216) isienti.org. heriides. Afrin Journl of Agriulturl Reserh, 8, Steel, R.G.D., Torrie, J.H., Diky, D.A., Priniples nd proedures of Sttistis, A iometril pproh. 3rd Ed. MGrw Hill, In. Book Co. New York. (U.S.A). PP Wheed, A., Qureshi, R., Jkhr, G.S., Treen, H., 29. Weed ommunity dynmis in whet rop of distrit Rhim Yr Khn, Pkistn. Pkistn Journl of Botny 41, Visit us t: Sumissions re epted t: editorsp@osljournls.om 51 editorsp@osljournls.om

Article received ; Revised ; Accepted

Article received ; Revised ; Accepted Pk. J. Biotehnol. Vol. 13 (3) 205-209 (2016) ISSN Print: 1812-1837 www. pjt.org ISSN Online: 2312-7781 GRAIN YIELD, PHOSPHORUS CONTENT AND UPTAKE OF WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.) AS AFFECTED BY PHOSPHORUS